श्रीमद् भगवद्गीता

मूल श्लोकः

अधियज्ञः कथं कोऽत्र देहेऽस्मिन्मधुसूदन।

प्रयाणकाले च कथं ज्ञेयोऽसि नियतात्मभिः।।8.2।।
 

Hindi Commentary By Swami Ramsukhdas

।।8.2।। व्याख्या--'पुरुषोत्तम किं तद्ब्रह्म'--हे पुरुषोत्तम वह ब्रह्म क्या है अर्थात् ब्रह्म शब्दसे क्या समझना चाहिये

'किमध्यात्मम्'--अध्यात्म शब्दसे आपका क्या अभिप्राय है

'किं कर्म'--कर्म क्या है अर्थात् कर्म शब्दसे आपका क्या भाव है

'अधिभूतं च किं प्रोक्तम्'--आपने जो अधिभूत शब्द कहा है उसका क्या तात्पर्य है

'अधिदैवं किमुच्यते'--अधिदैव किसको कहा जाता है

'अधियज्ञः कथं कोऽत्र देहेऽस्मिन्' -- इस प्रकरणमें अधियज्ञ शब्दसे किसको लेना चाहिये। वह,अधियज्ञ इस देहमें कैसे है

'मधुसूदन प्रयाणकाले च कथं ज्ञेयोऽसि नियतात्मभिः'--हे मधुसूदन जो पुरुष वशीभूत अन्तःकरणवाले हैं अर्थात् जो संसारसे सर्वथा हटकर अनन्यभावसे केवल आपमें ही लगे हुए हैं उनके द्वारा अन्तकालमें आप कैसे जाननेमें आते हैं अर्थात् वे आपके किस रूपको जानते हैं और किस प्रकारसे जानते हैं

 सम्बन्ध --अब भगवान् आगेके दो श्लोकोंमें अर्जुनके छः प्रश्नोंका क्रमसे उत्तर देते हैं।
 

Hindi Translation Of Sri Shankaracharya's Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Harikrishnadas Goenka

।।8.2।। ते ब्रह्म तद्विदुः कृत्स्नम् इत्यादि वचनोंसे ( पूर्वाध्यायमें ) भगवान्ने अर्जुनके लिये प्रश्नके बीजोंका उपदेश किया था अतः उन प्रश्नोंको पूछनेके लिये अर्जुन बोला --, हे पुरुषोत्तम वह ब्रह्मतत्त्व क्या है अध्यात्म क्या है कर्म क्या है अधिभूत किसको कहते हैं अधिदैव किसको कहते हैं हे मधुसूदन इस देहमें अधियज्ञ कौन है और कैसे है तथा संयतचित्तवाले योगियोंद्वारा आप मरणकालमें किस प्रकार जाने जा सकते हैं।

English Commentary By Swami Sivananda

8.2 अधियज्ञः Adhiyajna, कथम् how, कः who, अत्र here, देहे in body, अस्मिन् this, मधुसूदन O Madhusudana, प्रयाणकाले at the time of death, च and, कथम् how, ज्ञेयः knowable, असि art, नियतात्मभिः by the selfcontrolled.

Commentary:
Arjuna put seven estions to the Lord

1. What is that Brahman Is it Brahman with the Upadhis (limiting adjuncts) or Brahman without them

2. Is it the aggregate of the senses or individual consciousness (PratyakChaitanya) or distinct, pure consciousness

3. What is Karma Is it Yajna Or, is it distinct from Yajna

4. Adhibhuta is knowledge of the Bhutas. Is this the knowledge of the elements or something else

5. Adhidaiva is that which is associated with the gods. Is this the meditation on the gods Or, is it the consciousness associated with the Suryamandala, etc.

6. Adhiyajna is that which is associated with Yajnas or Vedic rituals. Is this the Para Brahman (Supreme Being) or any special god Is it of the same form (Tadatmyarupa) or is it entirely nondifferent (Abheda) Does it exist in the body or outside it If it exists in the body, is it the intellect (Buddhi) or distinct from it

7. At the time of death, when the memory is lost and when the senses become cold (i.e., when

they lose their vitality) how can the man of onepointedness and of steadfast mind know the LordO Lord Madhusudana Thou art allmerciful. Thou hast killed Madhu and removed the miseries of the people. Even so Thou canst remove my difficulties and doubts very easily. This is nothing for Thee, the omniscient Lord. (This is the reason why Arjuna addresses the Lord by the name Madhusudana.)

Hindi Commentary By Swami Chinmayananda

।।8.2।। पूर्व अध्याय के अन्तिम दो श्लोकों में अकस्मात् ब्रह्म अध्यात्म अधिभूत आदि जैसे नवीन पारिभाषिक शब्दों का प्रयोग किया गया है और कहा है कि ज्ञानी पुरुष मरण काल में भी चित्त युक्त होकर मुझे इनके सहित जानते हैं। इससे अर्जुन कुछ भ्रमित हो गया।इस अध्याय का प्रारम्भ अर्जुन के प्रश्न के साथ होता है जिसमें वह उन शास्त्रीय शब्दों की निश्चित परिभाषायें जानना चाहता है जिनका प्रयोग भगवान् ने अपने उपदेश में किया था। वह यह भी जानने को उत्सुक है कि जीवन काल में सतत आध्यात्मिक साधना के अभ्यास के फलस्वरूप प्राप्त पूर्ण आत्मसंयम के द्वारा मरणकाल में भी आत्मा का अनुभव किस प्रकार प्राप्त किया जा सकता है।भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण प्रत्येक शब्द की परिभाषा देते हुए कहते हैं --

Hindi Translation By Swami Ramsukhdas

।।8.1 -- 8.2।। अर्जुन बोले -- हे पुरुषोत्तम ! वह ब्रह्म क्या है? अध्यात्म क्या है? कर्म क्या है? अधिभूत किसको कहा गया है? और अधिदैव किसको कहा जाता है? यहाँ अधियज्ञ कौन है और वह इस देहमें कैसे है? हे मधूसूदन ! नियतात्मा (वशीभूत अन्तःकरणवाले) मनुष्यके द्वारा अन्तकालमें आप कैसे जाननेमें आते हैं?
 

Hindi Translation By Swami Tejomayananda

।।8.2।। और हे मधुसूदन ! यहाँ अधियज्ञ कौन है? और वह इस शरीर में कैसे है? और संयत चित्त वाले पुरुषों द्वारा अन्त समय में आप किस प्रकार जाने जाते हैं,

English Translation By Swami Gambirananda

8.2 O Madhusudana, how, and who, is the entity existing in the sacrifice here in this body? And at the time of death, how are You to be known by people of concentrated minds?

English Translation By Swami Sivananda

8.2 Who and how is Adhiyajna here in this body, O destroyer of Madhu (Krishna)? And how at the time of death, art Thou to be known by the self-controlled?

English Translation Of Sri Shankaracharya's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Gambirananda

8.2 In order to settle these estions seriatim -

English Translation of Abhinavgupta's Sanskrit Commentary By Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

8.1-2 What has been introduced by the Bhagavat by saying 'They know that Brahmn etc.,' [at the end of the last chapter], the same [the Sage] decides by raising nine estions [as follows] : Kim tad Brahman etc. Adhiyajnah etc. Who and how is the adhiyajna ? Who in this body ? : 'does reside' may be supplimented.

English Translation of Ramanuja's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Adidevananda

8.1 8.2 Arjuna said What are that brahman, Adhyatma and Karma which have been mentioned as what should be known by those who aspire for release from old age and death while they take refuge with the Lord? What are Adhibuta and Adhidaiva, which should be known by the aspirants for wealth? Who is Adhiyajna that is to be known by the three groups as their dying hour. In what manner are You to be known by these three groups who are self-controlled?

English Translation By By Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

8.2. Who is Lord-of-sacrifices (adhiyajna) [and] how ? Who in this body ? O slayer of Madhu ! How are You to be realised by the self-controlled ones at the time of their journey (i.e., death) also ?

English Translation by Shri Purohit Swami

8.2 Who is it who rules the spirit sacrifice in many; and at the time of death how may those who have learned self-control come to the knowledge of Thee?