श्रीमद् भगवद्गीता

मूल श्लोकः

श्री भगवानुवाच

अक्षरं ब्रह्म परमं स्वभावोऽध्यात्ममुच्यते।

भूतभावोद्भवकरो विसर्गः कर्मसंज्ञितः।।8.3।।
 

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Ramanuja

।।8.3।।श्रीभगवानुवाच -- तद् ब्रह्म इति निर्दिष्टं परमम् अक्षरं न क्षरति इति अक्षरं क्षेत्रज्ञं समष्टिरूपम् तथा च श्रुतिःअव्यक्तमक्षरे लीयते अक्षरं तमसि लीयते (सुबालो0 2) इत्यादिका। परमम् अक्षरं प्रकृतिविनिर्मुक्तात्मस्वरूपम्। स्वभावः अध्यात्मम् उच्यते स्वभावः प्रकृतिः अनात्मभूतम् आत्मनि संबद्ध्यमानं भूतसूक्ष्मतद्वासनादिकं पञ्चाग्निविद्यायां ज्ञातव्यतया उदितम् तदुभयं प्राप्यतया त्याज्यतया च मुमुक्षुभिः ज्ञातव्यम्।

भूतभावो मनुष्यादिभावः तदुद्भवकरो यो विसर्गःपञ्चम्यामाहुतावापः पुरुषवचसो भवन्ति (छा0 उ0 5।3।3) इति श्रुतिसिद्धो योषित्संबन्धजः स कर्मसंज्ञितः तत् च अखिलं सानुबन्धम् उद्वेजनीयतया परिहरणीयतया च मुमुक्षुभिः ज्ञातव्यम्। परिहरणीयता च अनन्तरम् एव वक्ष्यतेयदिच्छन्तो ब्रह्मचर्यं चरन्ति (गीता 8।11) इति।

Hindi Translation By Swami Ramsukhdas

।।8.3।। श्रीभगवान् बोले -- परम अक्षर ब्रह्म है और जीवका अपना जो होनापन है, उसको अध्यात्म कहते हैं। प्राणियों का उद्भव (सत्ता को प्रकट) करनेवाला जो त्याग है उसको कर्म कहा जाता है।

English Translation of Ramanuja's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Adidevananda

8.3 The Lord said That which is the Supreme Imperishable (Aksara) has been named 'that brahman' The Aksara is that which cannot be destroyed and forms the totality of all individual selves. The Srutis say to this effect: 'The Avyakta is dissolved into the Aksara, the Aksara is dissolved into Tamas' (Su. U., 2). The supreme Aksara is the essential form of the self, separated from Prakrti. One's own material nature (the body) is spoken of as Adhyatma or that which dwells with the self. This material nature (Svabhava) is Prakrti. It does not form the self but attaches itself to the self in the form of subtle elements, impressions etc. This has been taught in the Vidya of Five Fires (Cha. U., 5). Both these (the Aksara and the Adhyatma) should be known by the aspirants for liberation (Kaivalya) - the former as what should be attained and the latter as what should be relinished. Karma is that force which produces the origination of mundane beings. 'Beings' here means beings such as the human beings. The creative force which produces their origination is contact with woman. It has been described in the Sruti passage thus: 'The waters sacrificed in the fifth oblations become those who are named Purusas' (Cha. U., 5.3.3). That creative force is called Karma. All the acts associated with that should be considered by aspirants after release as calling for abstention. This abstention will also be inculcated immediately in the text, 'Desiring which they practise the vow of continence' (8.11).

English Translation By Swami Gambirananda

8.3 The Blessed Lord said The Immutable is the supreme Brahman; self-hood is said to the entity present in the individual plane. By action is meant the offerings which bring about the origin of the existence of things.