श्रीमद् भगवद्गीता

मूल श्लोकः

श्री भगवानुवाच

अभयं सत्त्वसंशुद्धिः ज्ञानयोगव्यवस्थितिः।

दानं दमश्च यज्ञश्च स्वाध्यायस्तप आर्जवम्।।16.1।।

 

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Shankaracharya



।।16.1।। --,अभयम् अभीरुता। सत्त्वसंशुद्धिः सत्त्वस्य अन्तःकरणस्य संशुद्धिः संव्यवहारेषु परवञ्चनामायानृतादिपरिवर्जनं शुद्धसत्त्वभावेन व्यवहारः इत्यर्थः।।ज्ञानयोगव्यवस्थितिः ज्ञानं शास्त्रतः आचार्यतश्च आत्मादिपदार्थानाम् अवगमः? अवगतानाम् इन्द्रियाद्युपसंहारेण एकाग्रतया स्वात्मसंवेद्यतापादनं योगः? तयोः ज्ञानयोगयोः व्यवस्थितिः व्यवस्थानं तन्निष्ठता। एषा प्रधाना दैवी सात्त्विकी संपत्। यत्र येषाम् अधिकृतानां या प्रकृतिः संभवति? सात्त्विकी सा उच्यते। दानं यथाशक्ति संविभागः अन्नादीनाम्। दमश्च बाह्यकरणानाम् उपशमः अन्तःकरणस्य उपशमं शान्तिं वक्ष्यति। यज्ञश्च श्रौतः अग्निहोत्रादिः। स्मार्तश्च देवयज्ञादिः? स्वाध्यायः ऋग्वेदाद्यध्ययनम् अदृष्टार्थम्। तपः वक्ष्यमाणं शारीरादि। आर्जवम् ऋजुत्वं सर्वदा।।किं च --,

Hindi Translation Of Sri Shankaracharya's Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Harikrishnadas Goenka

।।16.1।।उन तीनोंमें दैवी प्रकृति संसारसे मुक्त करनेवाली है? तथा आसुरी और राक्षसी प्रकृतियाँ बन्धन करनेवाली हैं? अतः यहाँ दैवी प्रकृति सम्पादन करनेके लिये और दूसरी दोनों त्यागनेके लिये दिखलायी जाती हैं -- श्रीभगवान् बोले --, अभयनिर्भयता? सत्त्वसंशुद्धि -- अन्तःकरणकी शुद्धि व्यवहारमें दूसरेके साथ ठगाई? कपट और झूठ आदि अवगुणोंको छोड़कर शुद्ध भावसे आचरण करना। ज्ञान और योगमें निरन्तर स्थिति -- शास्त्र और आचार्यसे आत्मादि पदार्थोंको जानना ज्ञान है और उन जाने हुए पदार्थोंका इन्द्रियादिके निग्रहसे ( प्राप्त ) एकाग्रताद्वारा अपने आत्मामें प्रत्यक्ष अनुभव कर लेना योग है। उन ज्ञान और योग दोनोंमें स्थिति अर्थात् स्थिर हो जाना -- तन्मय हो जाना? यही प्रधान सात्त्विकी -- दैवी संपद् है। और भी जिन अधिकारियोंकी जिस विषयमें जो सात्त्विकी प्रकृति हो सकती है वह कही जाती है -- दान -- अपनी शक्तिके अनुसार अन्नादि वस्तुओंका विभाग करना। दम -- बाह्य इन्द्रियोंका संयम। अन्तःकरणकी उपरामता तो शान्तिके नामसे आगे कही जायगी। यज्ञ -- अग्निहोत्रादि श्रौतयज्ञ और देवपूजनादि स्मार्तयज्ञ। स्वाध्याय -- अदृष्टलाभके लिये ऋक् आदि वेदोंका अध्ययन करना। तप -- शारीरिक आदि तप जो आगे बतलाया जायगा और आर्जव अर्थात् सदा सरलता सीधापन।

English Translation By Swami Adidevananda

16.1 The Lord said Fearlessness, purity of mind, devotion to meditation on the knowledge (of the self), alms-giving, self-control, worship, study of Vedas, austerity, uprightness:

English Translation By Swami Sivananda

16.1 The Blessed Lord said Fearlessness, purity of heart, steadfastness in knowledge and Yoga, almsgiving, control of the senses, sacrifice, study of scriptures, austerity and straightforwardness.

English Translation Of Sri Shankaracharya's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Gambirananda

16.1 Abhayam, fearlessness; sattva-samsuddhih, purtiy of the mind (sattva), mentally avoiding fraud, trickery, falsehood, etc. in dealings, i.e., honest behaviour; jnana-yoga-vyavasthitih, persistence in knowledge and yoga-jnana means knowledge of such subjects as the Self, learnt from scriptures and teachers; yoga means making those things that have been learnt matters of one's own personal experience through concentration by means of withdrawl of the organs etc.; persistence, steadfastness, in those two, knowledge and yoga;-this [This-refers to all the three from 'fearlessness' to 'persistence in knowledge and yoga'.] is the principal divine characteristic which is sattvika (born of the sattva ality). That nature which may occur in persons competent in their respective spheres, [Persons treading the path of Jnana-yoga or Karma-yoga have sattvika alities. Some of the alities mentioned in the first three verses occur only in the former, whereas the others are found in both or only in the latter.-Tr.]-that is said to be their sattvika attribute. Danam, charity, distribution of food etc. according to one's ability; and damah, control of the external organs-the control of the internal organ, santih, will be referred to later; yajnah, sacrifices-Agnihotra etc. sanctioned by the Vedas, and sacrifices in honour of gods and others [Others: Those in honour of the manes, humans and other beings. Brahma-yajna, the fifth sacrifice, is referred to separately by svadhyaya.] sanctioned by the Smrtis: svadhyayah, study of the Rg-veda etc. for unseen results; tapah, austerity, those concerning the body, etc., which will be stated (17.14-16); arjavam, rectitude, straigthforwardness at all times-. Further,

English Translation By Swami Gambirananda

16.1 The Blessed Lord said Fearlessness, purity of mind, persistence in knowledge and yoga, charity and control of the external organs, sacrifice, (scriptural) study, austerity and recititude;

English Translation By By Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

16.1. The Bhagavat said Fearlessness, complete purity of the Sattva, steadfastness in knowledge-Yoga, charity, and self-restraint and [Vedic] sacrifice, recitation of scriptures, austerity, uprightness;

English Translation by Shri Purohit Swami

16.1 "Lord Shri Krishna continued: Fearlessness, clean living, unceasing concentration on wisdom, readiness to give, self-control, a spirit of sacrifice, regular study of the scriptures, austerities, candour,