श्रीमद् भगवद्गीता

मूल श्लोकः

अनादित्वान्निर्गुणत्वात्परमात्मायमव्ययः।

शरीरस्थोऽपि कौन्तेय न करोति न लिप्यते।।13.32।।

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Shankaracharya

।।13.32।। --,अनादित्वात् अनादेः भावः अनादित्वम्? आदिः कारणम्? तत् यस्य नास्ति तत् अनादि। यद्धि आदिमत् तत् स्वेन आत्मना व्येति अयं तु अनादित्वात् निरवयव इति कृत्वा न व्येति। तथा निर्गुणत्वात्। सगुणो हि गुणव्ययात् व्येति अयं तु निर्गुणत्वाच्च न व्येति इति परमात्मा अयम् अव्ययः न अस्य व्ययो विद्यते इति अव्ययः। यत एवमतः शरीरस्थोऽपि? शरीरेषु आत्मनः उपलब्धिः भवतीति शरीरस्थः उच्यते तथापि न करोति। तदकरणादेव तत्फलेन न लिप्यते। यो हि कर्ता? सः कर्मफलेन लिप्यते। अयं तु अकर्ता? अतः न फलेन लिप्यते इत्यर्थः।।कः पुनः देहेषु करोति लिप्यते च यदि तावत् अन्यः परमात्मनो देही करोति लिप्यते च? ततः इदम् अनुपपन्नम् उक्तं क्षेत्रज्ञेश्वरैकत्वम् क्षेत्रज्ञं चापि मां विद्धि (गीता 13।2) इत्यादि। अथ नास्ति ईश्वरादन्यो देही? कः करोति लिप्यते च इति वाच्यम् परो वा नास्ति इति सर्वथा दुर्विज्ञेयं दुर्वाच्यं च इति भगवत्प्रोक्तम् औपनिषदं दर्शनं परित्यक्तं वैशेषिकैः सांख्यार्हतबौद्धैश्च। तत्र अयं परिहारो भगवता स्वेनैव उक्तः स्वभावस्तु प्रवर्तते (गीता 5।14) इति। अविद्यामात्रस्वभावो हि करोति लिप्यते इति व्यवहारो भवति? न तु परमार्थत एकस्मिन् परमात्मनि तत् अस्ति। अतः एतस्मिन् परमार्थसांख्यदर्शने स्थितानां ज्ञाननिष्ठानां परमहंसपरिव्राजकानां तिरस्कृताविद्याव्यवहाराणां कर्माधिकारो नास्ति इति तत्र तत्र दर्शितं भगवता।।किमिव न करोति न लिप्यते इति अत्र दृष्टान्तमाह --,

English Translation By Swami Gambirananda

13.32 Being without beginning and without alities, O son of Kunti, this immutable, supreme Self does not act. nor is It affected [Also translated as tainted.-Tr.], although existing in the body.

English Translation Of Sri Shankaracharya's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Gambirananda

13.32 Anadivat, being without beginning: Adih means cause; that which has no cause is anadih. That which has a cause undergoes loss of its own characteristics. But this One, being causeless, has no parts. This being so, It does not suffer loss. So also, nirgunatvat, being without alities: indeed, It si only something possessing alities that perishes owing to the losss of its alities. But this One, being without alities, does not perish. Hence, ayam, this; paramatma, supreme Self; is avyayah, immutable. It suffers no depletion. Therefore It is immutable. Since this is so, therefore, api, although; sarira-sthah, existing in the body-since the perception of the Self occurs in the bodies, It is said to be 'existing in the body'; even then, It na, does not; karoti, act. From the very fact that It does not act, It na, is not; lipyate, affected by the result of any action. For, one who is an agent of action becomes affected by its result. But this One is not an agent. Hence It is not affected by any result. This is the meaning. Objection: Who is it, again, that acts in the body and becomes affected? On the one hand, if there be some embodied being other than the supreme Self who acts and becomes affected, then it has been improper to say in, 'And also understand Me to be the Knower of the field,' etc., that the Knower of the field and God are one. Again, if there be no embodied being who is different from God, then it has to be stated who is it that acts and gets affected. Or it has to be asserted that the supreme One does not exist. [If the supreme One also acts like us, then He is no God.] Thus, since the Upanisadic philosophy as stated by the Lord is in every way difficult to understand and difficult to explain, it has therefore been abandoned by the Vaisesikas, the Sankhyas, the Jainas and the Buddhists. Reply: As to that, the following refutation has been stated by the Lord Himself in, 'But it is Nature that acts' (5.14). Indeed, Nature, which is nothing but ignorance, acts and becomes affected. In this way empirical dealing becomes possible; but in reality it does not occur in the one supreme Self. It has been accordingly shown by the Lord in various places that there is no duty to be performed by those who adhere to this philosophy of discriminating knowledge of the supreme Reality, who are steadfast in Knowledge, who have spurned actions arising out of ignorance, and who are mendicants belonging to the highest Order of monks. The Lord cites an illustration to show like what It does not act and is not affected: