श्रीमद् भगवद्गीता

मूल श्लोकः

इति गुह्यतमं शास्त्रमिदमुक्तं मयाऽनघ।

एतद्बुद्ध्वा बुद्धिमान्स्यात्कृतकृत्यश्च भारत।।15.20।।

Hindi Translation By Swami Tejomayananda

।।15.20।। हे निष्पाप भारत ! इस प्रकार यह गुह्यतम शास्त्र मेरे द्वारा कहा गया, इसको जानकर मनुष्य बुद्धिमान और कृतकृत्य हो जाता है।।

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Shankaracharya

।।15.20।। -- इति एतत् गुह्यतमं गोप्यतमम्? अत्यन्तरहस्यं इत्येतत्। किं तत् शास्त्रम्। यद्यपि गीताख्यं समस्तम् शास्त्रम् उच्यते? तथापि अयमेव अध्यायः इह शास्त्रम् इति उच्यते स्तुत्यर्थं प्रकरणात्। सर्वो हि गीताशास्त्रार्थः अस्मिन् अध्याये समासेन उक्तः। न केवलं गीताशास्त्रार्थ एव? किंतु सर्वश्च वेदार्थः इह परिसमाप्तः। यस्तं वेद स वेदवित् (गीता 15।1) वेदैश्च सर्वैरहमेव वेद्यः (गीता 15।15) इति च उक्तम्। इदम् उक्तं कथितं मया हे अनघ अपाप। एतत् शास्त्रं यथादर्शितार्थं बुद्ध्वा बुद्धिमान् स्यात् भवेत् न अन्यथा कृतकृत्यश्च भारत कृतं कृत्यं कर्तव्यं येन सः कृतकृत्यः विशिष्टजन्मप्रसूतेन ब्राह्मणेन यत् कर्तव्यं तत् सर्वं भगवत्तत्त्वे विदिते कृतं भवेत् इत्यर्थः न च अन्यथा कर्तव्यं परिसमाप्यते कस्यचित् इत्यभिप्रायः। सर्वं कर्माखिलं पार्थ ज्ञाने परिसमाप्यते (गीता 4।33) इति च उक्तम्। एतद्धि जन्मसामग्र्यं ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषतः। प्राप्यैतत्कृतकृत्यो हि द्विजो भवति नान्यथा (मनुस्मृति 12।93) इति च मानवं वचनम्। यतः एतत् परमार्थतत्त्वं मत्तः श्रुतवान् असि? अतः कृतार्थः त्वं भारत इति।।

इति श्रीमत्परमहंसपरिव्राजकाचार्यस्य श्रीगोविन्दभगवत्पूज्यपादशिष्यस्य,श्रीमच्छंकरभगवतः कृतौ श्रीमद्भगवद्गीताभाष्ये

पञ्चदशोऽध्यायः।।

Hindi Commentary By Swami Chinmayananda

।।15.20।। प्रस्तुत अध्याय के इस अन्तिम श्लोक में भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण कहते हैं कि उन्होंने अर्जुन को गुह्यतम ज्ञान का उपदेश दिया है। इस ज्ञान को गुह्य या रहस्य इस दृष्टि से नहीं कहा गया है कि इसका उपदेश किसी को नहीं देना चाहिये अभिप्राय यह है कि परमात्मा इन्द्रिय अगोचर होने के कारण कोई भी व्यक्ति प्रत्यक्ष और अनुमान प्रमाणों के द्वारा उसे अपनी बुद्धि से नहीं जान सकता है। अत वह उसके लिये रहस्य ही बना रहेगा। केवल एक शास्त्रज्ञ और आत्मानुभवी आचार्य के उपदेश से ही परमात्मज्ञान हो सकता है।हे निष्पाप वह कर्म? भावना या विचार? पाप कहलाता है? जिसको करने पर कालान्तर में हमारे मन में विक्षेप? पश्चाताप तथा आत्मग्लानि उत्पन्न होती है। इन के होने पर अन्तकरण में आत्मविचार करने के लिये आवश्यक सूक्ष्मता और सजगता नहीं रहती। अत इस सन्दर्भ में अर्जुन को निष्पाप कहकर संबोधित करना यह दर्शाता है कि वह आत्मज्ञान के योग्य है।अपने पुरुषोत्तम स्वरूप को जानने वाला पुरुष बुद्धिमान् बन जाता है। इसका अर्थ यह है कि इस ज्ञान के पश्चात् वह जीवन में वस्तुओं के यथार्थ स्वरूप को समझने में और कर्म से संबंधित निर्णय लेने में त्रुटि नहीं करता है। फलस्वरूप वह न स्वयं के लिये भ्रम और दुख उत्पन्न करता है और न ही समाज के अन्य व्यक्तियों के लिये।परमात्मा के ज्ञान का फल है कृतकृत्यता। मन में पूर्ण सन्तोष का वह भाव? जो जीवन के लक्ष्य को प्राप्त कर लेने पर उदय होता है? कृतकृत्यता कहलाता है। तत्पश्चात् उस व्यक्ति के लिये न कोई प्राप्तव्य शेष रहता है और न कोई कर्तव्य। यह श्लोक उत्तम अधिकारियों को आत्मज्ञान के इस श्रेष्ठ फल का आश्वासन देता है।conclusion तत्सदिति श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतासूपनिषत्सु ब्रह्मविद्यायां योगशास्त्रे

श्रीकृष्णार्जुनसंवादे पुरुषोत्तमयोगो नाम पञ्चदशोऽध्याय।।

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Abhinavgupta

।।15.20।।इतीति। गुह्यतमं? सर्वाद्वयप्रतिपादकत्वात्। एतदेव बुद्ध्वा बुद्धिमत्त्वं? न तु व्यवहारबुद्ध्या। एतेन च ज्ञातेनैव कृतकृत्यता? न तु कृतेनापि शत्रुविजयार्थाहरणस्त्र्युपभोगादिना ( omits शत्रु)। चकारः अद्भुतद्योतकः। कृतेन (N एतेन) हि कृतकृत्यता दृष्टा? एतेन तु ज्ञातेनैवेति (?N ज्ञानेनैवेति) चित्रम्। इतिशब्देन शास्त्रस्य समाप्तिः सूचिता? वक्तव्यस्य परिपूर्णतया समाप्तत्वात्। तथा हि -- षोडशाध्यायेन शिष्यस्य अर्जुनस्य केवलं योग्यता प्रतिपाद्यते। न तु उपदिश्यते किञ्चित्। दैवी ह्येवंविधा संपत्? आसुरी चाविद्यामयी? एतादृशी (S? तादृशी) संपत् त्वं च विद्यामयीं दैवीं संपदमभिप्राप्तः इत्येतावति हि तात्पर्यम्। यद्वक्ष्यति मा शुचः संपदं दैवीम् इति। अत एव पूर्वं विद्याविद्यासंघट्टनिरूपणावसरे ( संबद्धनिरूपण N संघध्व (र्ष) -- ) देवासुरसंग्रामच्छलेन विद्याविद्ययोः संघर्षः इति सूचितम्। एवं च शिष्यस्वरूपे प्राधान्येन निरूप्यमाणे प्रसंगतः अन्यदप्युक्तम्? इत्यध्यायद्वयं भविष्यति। उपदेशस्त्वित एव परिसमाप्तः। सर्वभावेन हि परमेश्वरभजनम् आवेशरूपं प्राप्यम् ( प्राप्तम्)। तदर्थं चान्यत् सर्वमित्युक्तं प्राक्। सर्वमाहेश्वरस्वरूपावेश एव,हि परमं शिवम् इति।

English Translation of Abhinavgupta's Sanskrit Commentary By Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

15.20 Iti etc. The most secret [scripture] : Because it explains the oneness of all. One becomes a man of wisdom by knowing this only and not by the knowledge of worldly affairs. One becomes a man of success by just understanding this, and not even by the deeds like the total victory over the foes, earning wealth, enjoying women and so on. The word ca 'also' indicates a wonder. Has it not been witnessed that [always] one becomes a man of success by what has been accomplished ? But it is strange that [in the present case one becomes a man of success] by just what has been realised. The word iti 'thus' indicates the conclusion of the treatise. For, what is to be taught has come to an end completely. That is why in the Sixteenth Chapter the eligibility of the pupil, Arjuna, is exclusively dealt with; and nothing new is taught. The intention [of that chapter] is to say only this much : 'The divine wealth is just of that nature; but the devilish wealth born of illusion is of this nature; you (Arjuna) are however endowed with the divine wealth of wisdom'. Hence [the Lord] is going to say 'Don't worry. [You are endowed] with the divine wealth' (XVI, 5). That is why earlier in the context of explaining the clash between the wisdom and ignorance this has been indicated [by me (Ag.)]: 'It is the confrontation between the wisdom and ignorance that has been detailed under the pretext of [describing] the wars between the gods and devils.' So, while dealing essentially with the ality of a pupil, other subjects are mentioned incidentally. So also the pair of chapters (Ch. XVII & XVIII) would follow. But the teaching [proper] has come to an end completely here itself. For what is to be achieved is nothing but serving (attaining) the Absolute Lord-the serving, which is of the nature of total absorption into Him by one's entire being. All other things are only to achieve this end. This has been explained earlier. The Supreme Happiness is indeed nothing but a complete absorption into the Supreme Lord by one's entire being.

English Translation Of Sri Shankaracharya's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Gambirananda

15.20 This guhyatamam, most secret, i.e. most mystical;- what is that?-sastram, scripture-. Although the Gita as a whole is spoken of as the scripture, still this chapter itself is here referred to as such, and this for eulogy as is evident from the context. For, not only has the entire meaning of the scripture Gita been stated here in brief, but the whole purport of the Vedas also has been comprehended here. And it has been said, 'He who realizes it is a knower of the Vedas' (1), 'I alone am the object to be known through all the Vedas' (15). (Thus, this most secret scripture) iti uktam, has thus been uttered; maya, by Me; anagha, O sinless one. O scion of the Bharata dynasty, buddhva, under-standing; etat, this, the scripture which has the purport as has been revealed; syat, one becomes; buddhiman, wise; and krta-krtyah, has his duties fulfilled; but not otherwise. The meaning is that what-ever a Brahmana has to do as a conseence of his special birth (as a Brahmana), all that becomes accomplished when the reality of the Lord is known. The idea is that nobody's duties become fulfilled in any other way. And it has been said, 'O son of Prtha, all actions in their totality culminate in Knowledge' (4.33). There is also a saying from Manu: 'This, verily, is the fulfilment of a Brahmana in particular. For, by getting this, a twice-born has his duties fulfilled; not otherwise' (Ma. Sm. 12.93). Since you have heard from Me this truth about the supreme Reality, therefore, O scion of the Bharata dynasty, you have achieved your Goal!

English Translation By Swami Gambirananda

15.20 O sinless one, this most secret scripture has thus been uttered by Me. Understanding this, one becomes wise and has his duties fulfilled, O scion of the Bharata dynasty.