श्रीमद् भगवद्गीता

मूल श्लोकः

आसुरीं योनिमापन्ना मूढा जन्मनि जन्मनि।

मामप्राप्यैव कौन्तेय ततो यान्त्यधमां गतिम्।।16.20।।

Hindi Translation By Swami Tejomayananda

।।16.20।। हे कौन्तेय ! वे मूढ़ पुरुष जन्मजन्मान्तर में आसुरी योनि को प्राप्त होते हैं और ( इस प्रकार) मुझे प्राप्त न होकर अधम गति को प्राप्त होते है।।

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Shankaracharya

।।16.20।। --,आसुरीं योनिम् आपन्नाः प्रतिपन्नाः मूढाः अविवेकिनः जन्मनि जन्मनि प्रतिजन्म तमोबहुलास्वेव योनिषु जायमानाः अधो गच्छन्तो मूढाः माम् ईश्वरम् अप्राप्य अनासाद्य एव हे कौन्तेय? ततः तस्मादपि यान्ति अधमां गतिं निकृष्टतमां गतिम्। माम् अप्राप्यैव इति न मत्प्राप्तौ काचिदपि आशङ्का अस्ति? अतः मच्छिष्टसाधुमार्गम् अप्राप्य इत्यर्थः।।सर्वस्या आसुर्याः संपदः संक्षेपः अयम् उच्यते? यस्मिन् त्रिविधे सर्वः आसुरीसंपद्भेदः अनन्तोऽपि अन्तर्भवति। यत्परिहारेण परिहृतश्च भवति? यत् मूलं सर्वस्य अनर्थस्य? तत् एतत् उच्यते --,

Hindi Commentary By Swami Chinmayananda

।।16.20।। इस श्लोक का तात्पर्य यह है कि जब तक मनुष्य अपनी आसुरी प्रवृत्तियों के वश में उनका दास बना रहता है तब तक वह उसी प्रकार के हीन जन्मों को प्राप्त होता रहता है। वह आत्मा के परमानन्द स्वरूप का अनुभव नहीं कर पाता है।अब तक दैवी और आसुरी सम्पदाओं का स्पष्ट एवं विस्तृत विवेचन किया गया है। बहुसंख्यक लोगों की न्यूनाधिक मात्रा में असुरों की श्रेणी में ही गणना की जा सकती है। परन्तु एक आध्यात्मिक साधक को केवल ऐसे वर्णनों से सन्तोष नहीं होता। वह अपनी पतित अवस्था से स्वयं का उद्धार करना चाहता है। अत? अब भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण अर्जुन के माध्यम से मानवमात्र के आत्मविकास का पथ प्रदर्शन करते हैं। कोई भी व्यक्ति नित्य निरन्तर नारकीय यातनाओं का ही भागीदार नहीं हो सकता है शाश्वत नरक प्राप्ति का मत अयुक्तियुक्त और अदार्शनिक है।भगवान् कहते हैं

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Abhinavgupta

।।16.17 -- 16.20।।आत्मसंभाविता इत्यादि गतिमित्यन्तम्। यज्ञैर्यजन्ते नाम? निष्फलमित्यर्थः। क्रोधेन हि सर्वं नश्यतीत्यर्थः। यद्वा नामयज्ञैः? संज्ञामात्रेणैव (S? omit एव) ये यज्ञाः तैः (S? omit तैः)। अथवा -- नामार्थं प्रसिद्ध्यर्थं ये यज्ञाः ( omits ये यज्ञाः) -- येन (S omits येन) यज्ञयाजी अयम् इति व्यपदेशो जायते -- ते दम्भपूर्वका एव? न तु फलन्ति। क्रोधादिरूषितत्वादेव लोकान् द्विषन्तो मामेव द्विषन्ति। अहं वासुदेवो हि सर्वावासः। आत्मनि च द्वेषवन्तः आत्मनो ( आत्मने) ह्यहितं निरयपातहेतुम् आचरन्ति (S उपाचरन्ति)। तांश्चाहम् आसुरीष्वेव योनिषु क्षिपामि।

English Translation of Abhinavgupta's Sanskrit Commentary By Dr. S. Sankaranarayan

16.17-20 Atmasambhavitah etc. upto gatim. They pretend to perform sacrifices : The meaning is that their sacrifice is fruitless. Indeed all is ruined because of their anger. Or, namayjna [may mean] 'the sacrifices which are in name only'. Or, it [may denote] those sacrifices that are performed for one's name sake i.e., for one's reputation, because of which one gets the appellation as 'He is performer of [such and such] sacrifices' These sacrifices, performed out of hypocricy alone, do not , however fetch any fruit. Becasue these persons are rugged with anger etc., they hate people and by that they hate Me only [in fact]. For, I, the Vasudeva (the Universal Soul), dwell every-where. Entertaining hatred towards their own Soul, they perform action, that is hostile to themselves, and responsible for their own fall into the hells. These persons I hurl into nothing but the demoniac wombs.

English Translation Of Sri Shankaracharya's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Gambirananda

16.20 Apannah, being born, having acired; (births) asurim, among the demoniacal; yonim, species; janmani janmani, in births after births; the mudhah, fools, non-discriminating ones; being born in every birth into species in which tamas prevails, and going downwards, aprapya eva, without ever reaching, approaching; mam, Me, who am God; O son of Kunti, yanti, they attain; gatim, conditions; tatah adhamam, lower even than that. Since there is not the least possibility of attaining Me, what is implied by saying, 'without ever reachin Me', is, 'by not attaining the virtuous path enjoined by Me.' This is being stated as a summary of all the demoniacal alities. The triplet-under which are comprehended all the different demoniacal alities though they are infinite in number, (and) by the avoidance of which (three) they (all the demaniacal alities) become rejected, and which is the root of all evils- is being stated:

English Translation By Swami Gambirananda

16.20 Being born among the demoniacal species in births after births, the foods, without ever reaching Me, O son of Kunti, attain conditions lower than that.