श्रीमद् भगवद्गीता

मूल श्लोकः

niyatasya tu saṅnyāsaḥ karmaṇō nōpapadyatē.

mōhāttasya parityāgastāmasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ৷৷18.7৷৷

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Shankaracharya

৷৷18.7৷৷ --,niyatasya tu nityasya saṅnyāsaḥ parityāgaḥ karmaṇaḥ na upapadyatē? ajñasya pāvanatvasya iṣṭatvāt. mōhāt ajñānāt  asya niyatasya parityāgaḥ -- niyataṅ ca avaśyaṅ kartavyam? tyajyatē ca? iti vipratiṣiddham; ataḥ mōhanimittaḥ parityāgaḥ  āmasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ mōhaśca tamaḥ iti৷৷

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Ramanuja

৷৷18.7৷৷niyatasya nityanaimittikasya mahāyajñādēḥ karmaṇaḥ saṅnyāsaḥ tyāgō na upapadyatē.'śarīrayātrāpi ca tē na prasiddhyēdakarmaṇaḥ৷৷' (gītā 3.8) iti śarīrayātrāyā ēva asiddhēḥ. śarīrayātrā hi yajñaśiṣṭāśanēna nirvartyamānā samyag jñānāya prabhavati. anyathā'bhuñjatē tē tvaghaṅ pāpāḥ' (gītā 3.13) iti ayajñaśiṣṭāgharūpāśanāpyāyanaṅ manasō viparītajñānāya bhavati.

'annamayaṅ hi sōmya manaḥ' (chā0 u0 6.5.4) iti annēna hi mana āpyāyatē.'āhāraśuddhau sattvaśuddhiḥ sattvaśuddhau dhruvā smṛtiḥ. smṛtilambhē sarvagranthīnāṅ vipramōkṣaḥ' (cha0 u0 7.26.2) iti brahmasākṣātkārarūpaṅ jñānam āhāraśuddhyāyattamiti śrūyatē. tasmāt mahāyajñādinityanaimittikaṅ karma āprayāṇāt brahmajñānāya ēva upādēyam iti tasya tyāgō na upapadyatē.

ēvaṅ jñānōtpādinaḥ karmaṇō bandhakatvamōhāt parityāgaḥ tāmasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ. tamōmūlaḥ tyāgaḥ tāmasaḥ? tamaḥkāryājñānamūlatvēna tyāgastha tamōmūlatvam. tamō hi ajñānasya mūlam'pramādamōhau tamasō bhavatō.jñānamēva ca৷৷' (gītā 14.17) iti atra uktam. ajñānaṅ tu jñānavirōdhiviparītajñānam. tathā ca vakṣyatē -- 'adharmaṅ dharmamiti yā manyatē tamasāvṛtā. sarvārthānviparītāṅśca buddhiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī৷৷' (gītā 18.32) iti. atō nityanaimittikādēḥ karmaṇaḥ tyāgō viparītajñānamūla ēva ityarthaḥ.

English Translation of Ramanuja's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Adidevananda

18.7 Obligatory acts consist of daily, and occasional ceremonies like the five great sacrifices; their abandonment is not proper, for without actions even the sustenance of the body would be impossible, as already stated: 'From no-work, not even the body can be sustained' (3.8). The sustenance of the body by eating the sacrificial remnants produces perfect knowledge. Otherwise, as declared in the statement, 'But the sinful ones eat sin' (3.13). The satisfaction that comes by eating food which is not the remnant of sacrifice and which is therefore of the form of sin, is productive of erroneous knowledge in the mind. For, as declared in the Sruti, 'The mind consists of food' (Cha. U., 6.5.4), the mind is sustained by food. Also, there is the Sruti text, 'When the food is pure, the mind becomes pure; when the mind is pure, remembrance becomes firmly fixed; and when remembrance is acired, there is release from all knots of the heart' (Ibid., 7.26.2). It is therefore proved by the Sruti that knowledge of the form of direct perception of Brahman, is dependent on the purity of food. Hence the great sacrifices and such other obligatory and occasional rites are worthy of adoption till one's death, as they help in the knowledge of the Brahman. The renunciation of these is therefore not proper. Thus, the relinishment of these acts which produce knowledge through the delusion that they bind the self, is rooted in Tamas. Tamasika renunciation has its roots in Tamas. Since such renunciation has its roots in ignorance which is the effect of Tamas, such renunciation is said to have its roots in Tamas. For Tamas is the root of ignorance as has been stated: 'From Tamas arise negligence and delusion, and also, ignorance' (14.17). Ignorance is erroneous knowledge which is antagonistic to right knowledge. So, it will be taught, 'That reason which, enveloped in Tamas, regards wrong as right, and which reverses every value, O Arjuna, is Tamasika' (18.32). It is for this reason that the renunciation of obligatory and occasional actions are said to have their roots in erroneous knowledge.

English Translation Of Sri Shankaracharya's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Gambirananda

18.7 Therefore, sannyasah, the abandoning; niyatasya tu karmanah, of the daily obligatory acts, by the seeker of Liberation who is as yet unenlightened and is fit for rites and duites; na apapadyate, is not justifiable, because what is desired is the purification of unenlightened persons. Parityagah, giving up; tasya, of that, of the daily obligatory duty; mohat, through delusion, through ignorance; parikirtitah, is declared; to be tamasah, based on tamas. Niyata is that duty which must be performed. That an act is niyata (obligatory) and it is relinished is contradictory. Therefore the giving up of that through delusion is declared to be based on tamas, for delusion is tamas. Besides,