श्रीमद् भगवद्गीता

मूल श्लोकः

arjuna uvāca

yē śāstravidhimutsṛjya yajantē śraddhayā.nvitāḥ.

tēṣāṅ niṣṭhā tu kā kṛṣṇa sattvamāhō rajastamaḥ৷৷17.1৷৷

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Shankaracharya



৷৷17.1৷৷ --,yē kēcit aviśēṣitāḥ śāstravidhiṅ śāstravidhānaṅ śrutismṛtiśāstracōdanām utsṛjya parityajya yajantē dēvādīn pūjayanti śraddhayā anvitāḥ śraddhayā āstikyabuddhyā anvitāḥ saṅyuktāḥ santaḥ -- śrutilakṣaṇaṅ smṛtilakṣaṇaṅ vā kañcit śāstravidhim apaśyantaḥ vṛddhavyavahāradarśanādēva śraddadhānatayā yē dēvādīn pūjayanti? tē iha 'yē śāstravidhimutsṛjya yajantē śraddhayānvitāḥ' ityēvaṅ gṛhyantē. yē punaḥ kañcit śāstravidhiṅ upalabhamānā ēva tam utsṛjya ayathāvidhi dēvādīn pūjayanti? tē iha 'yē śāstravidhimutsṛjya yajantē' iti na parigṛhyantē. kasmāt śraddhayā anvitatvaviśēṣaṇāt. dēvādipūjāvidhiparaṅ kiñcit śāstraṅ paśyanta ēva tat utsṛjya aśraddadhānatayā tadvihitāyāṅ dēvādipūjāyāṅ śraddhayā anvitāḥ pravartantē iti na śakyaṅ kalpayituṅ yasmāt? tasmāt pūrvōktā ēva 'yē śāstravidhimutsṛjya yajantē śraddhayānvitāḥ' ityatra gṛhyantē.  ēṣām ēvaṅbhūtānāṅ niṣṭhā  u kā kṛṣṇa sattvam āhō rajaḥ tamaḥ? kiṅ sattvaṅ niṣṭhā avasthānam? āhōsvit rajaḥ? athavā tamaḥ iti. ētat uktaṅ bhavati -- yā tēṣāṅ dēvādiviṣayā pūjā? sā kiṅ sāttvikī? āhōsvit rājasī? uta tāmasī iti৷৷sāmānyaviṣayaḥ ayaṅ praśnaḥ na apravibhajya prativacanam arhatīti śrībhagavānuvāca --,śrībhagavānuvāca --,

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Ramanuja

৷৷17.1৷৷arjuna uvāca -- śāstravidhim utsṛjya śraddhayānvitā yē yajantē tēṣāṅ niṣṭhā kā kiṅ satvam āhō svit rajaḥ atha  amaḥniṣṭhā sthitiḥ? sthīyatē asmin iti sthitiḥ? sattvādiḥ ēva niṣṭhā iti ucyatē? tēṣāṅ kiṅ sattvē sthitiḥ kiṅ vā rajasi kiṅ vā tamasi ityarthaḥ.ēvaṅ pṛṣṭaḥ bhagavān aśāstravihitaśraddhāyāḥ tatpūrvakasya ca yāgādēḥ niṣphalatvaṅ hṛdi nidhāya śāstrīyasya ēva yāgādēḥ guṇataḥ traividhyaṅ pratipādayituṅ śāstrīyaśraddhāyāḥ traividhyaṅ tāvad āha --

English Translation of Ramanuja's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Adidevananda

17.1 Arjuna said Those who, 'filled with faith but laying aside the injunctions of the Sastras,' engage themselves in sacrifices etc., what is their 'position or basis'? It is Sattva, Rajas or Tamas? Nistha means Sthiti. What is called Sthiti is that state in which one abides, has one's position or basis. Do they abide in Sattva, in Rajas or in Tamas? Such is the meaning of the estion. Thus estioned, the Lord, for affirming the futility of faith and of sacrifices not enjoined in the Sastras, and in order to show that the triple division in accordance with the Gunas refers only to sacrifices etc., enjoined in the Sastras - expounds here the threefold nature of faith enjoined in the Sastras:

English Translation Of Sri Shankaracharya's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Gambirananda

17.1 Tu, but; of Krsna, ka, what; is the nistha, state; tesam, of those-whosoever they may be; ye, who; being anvitah, endued; sraddhaya, with faith, with the idea that there is something hereafter; yajante, adore gods and others; utsriya, by ignoring, setting aside; sastra-vidhim, the unjunctions of the scriptures, the injunctions of the Vedas and the Smrtis? Is the state of those who are such sattvam, sattva; aho, or; rajah, rajas; or tamah, tamas? This is what is meant: Does the adoration of gods and others that they undertake come under the category of sattva or rajas or tamas? By 'those who, endued with faith, adore by ignoring the injunctions of the scriptures' are here meant those who, not finding any injunction which can be characterized as 'enjoined by the Vedas' 'or enjoined by the Smrtis', worship gods and others by merely observing the conduct of their elders. But, on the other hand, those who, though aware of some scriptural injunction, discard them and worship the gods and others in ways contrary to the injunctions, are not meant here by 'those who, ignoring scriptural injunctions, adore৷৷.' Why? Because of the alifying phrase, 'being endued with faith'. For, it cannot be imagined that even when they are aware of some scriptural injunction about worship of gods and others, they discard this out of their faithlessness, and yet they engage in the worship of gods and others enjoined by those scriptures by becoming imbued with faith! Therefore, by 'those who, endued with faith, adore by ignoring the injunctions of the scriptures' are here meant those very ones mentioned earlier. An answer to this estion relating to a general topic cannot be given without splitting it up. Hence,-