arjuna uvāca
ēvaṅ satatayuktā yē bhaktāstvāṅ paryupāsatē.
yēcāpyakṣaramavyaktaṅ tēṣāṅ kē yōgavittamāḥ৷৷12.1৷৷
श्रीमद् भगवद्गीता
12.1 ēvam thus, satatayuktāḥ ever steadfast, yē who, bhaktāḥ devotees, tvām Thee, paryupāsatē worship, yē who, ca and, api also, akṣaram the imperishable, avyaktam the unmanifested, tēṣām of them, kē who, yōgavittamāḥ better versed in Yoga.
Commentary:
The twelfth discourse goes to prove that hakti Yoga or the Yoga of devotion is much easier than Jnana Yoga or the Yoga of knowledge. In hakti Yoga the devotee establishes a near and dear relationship with the Lord. He cultivates slowly and one of the five havas (attitudes) according to his temperament, taste and capacity. The five attitudes are the Santa hava (the attitutde of peaceful adoration); Dasya hava (the attitude of servant towards the master); Sakhya hava (the attitude of a friend); Vatsalya hava (the attitude of a parent to the child); and Madhurya hava (the attitutde of the lover towards the beloved). The devotee adopts these attitudes towards the Lord. The last (Madhurya hava) is the culmination of devotion. It is merging or absorption in the Lord.The devotee adores the Lord. He constantly remembers Him (Smarana). He sings His Name (Kirtana). He speaks of His glories. He repeats His Name. He chants His Mantra (Japa). He prays and prostrates himself. He hears His Lilas (divine plays). He does total, ungrudging and unconditional self-surrender, obtains His grace, hols communion wih, and eventually gets absorbed in Him.The devotee begins by worshipping the idols or the symbols of God. Then he performs internal worship of the Form. Ultimately he is led to the supreme worship of the all-pervading rahman (Para Puja).Thus: As declared in the last verse of the previous chapter.Avyaktam: The unmanifested, i.e., incomprehensible to the senses, transcending all limiting adjuncts. The unmanifested rahman is beyond all limitations. That which is visible to the senses is called Vyakta or manifest.The hearts of the devotees are wholly fixed on Thee. They worship Thee with all their heart and soul.There are others who worship the unmanifested rahman which is beyond time, space and causation, which is attributeless, which is eternal and indefinable, which is beyond the reach of speech and mind. These are the wise sages.Of these two, the devotees and the men of knowledge -- who are the better knowers of Yoga (Cf.XI.55)