arjuna uvāca
kiṅ tadbrahma kimadhyātmaṅ kiṅ karma puruṣōttama.
adhibhūtaṅ ca kiṅ prōktamadhidaivaṅ kimucyatē৷৷8.1৷৷
श्रीमद् भगवद्गीता
8.1 kim what, tat that, brahma rahman, kim what, adhyātmam Adhytama, kim what, karma action, puruṣōttama O best among men, adhibhūtam Adhibhuta, ca and, kim what, prōktam declared, adhidaivam Adhidaiva, kim what, ucyatē is called.
Commentary:
In the last two verses of the seventh chapter Lord Krishna had used certain philosophical and technical terms such as Adhyatma, Adhibhuta, Adhidaiva and Adhiyajna. Arjuna does not understand the meaning of these terms. So he proceeds to ask the Lord the above estions for their elucidation. Lord Krishna gives the answers succinctly to the above estions in their order.Some treat this chapter as Abhyasa Yoga because in this chapter verses 7, 8, 10, 12, 13 and 14 deal with spiritual practices. Verse 7 treats of Karma and hakti Yoga combined (giving the hands to the service of humanity or society and fixing the mind on the Lord). Verse 8 deals with Abhyasa Yoga. Verses 10, 12 and 13 treat of Hatha Yoga (how to raise the life-force t the Ajna Chakra and the Sahasrara and the rahmarandhra). Verse 14 treats of the easy Yoga of constant Namasmarana or remembering the names of the Lord constantly. This alone will help the spiritual aspirant to approach the Lord easily.The nature of rahman, the individual Self (Adhyatma), the nature of action, the nature of the objective universe or phenomena (Adhibhuta), knowledge of the shining ones (Adhidaiva), and the secret of sacrifice (Adhiyajna) are described in this discourse. The perfect sage will have perfect knowledge. He will have perfect knowledge of not only the manifested rahman but also of the transcendental rahman and the why of the universe, etc.