श्रीमद् भगवद्गीता

मूल श्लोकः

śrī bhagavānuvāca

abhayaṅ sattvasaṅśuddhiḥ jñānayōgavyavasthitiḥ.

dānaṅ damaśca yajñaśca svādhyāyastapa ārjavam৷৷16.1৷৷

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Shankaracharya



৷৷16.1৷৷ --,abhayam abhīrutā. sattvasaṅśuddhiḥ sattvasya antaḥkaraṇasya saṅśuddhiḥ saṅvyavahārēṣu paravañcanāmāyānṛtādiparivarjanaṅ śuddhasattvabhāvēna vyavahāraḥ ityarthaḥ৷৷jñānayōgavyavasthitiḥ jñānaṅ śāstrataḥ ācāryataśca ātmādipadārthānām avagamaḥ? avagatānām indriyādyupasaṅhārēṇa ēkāgratayā svātmasaṅvēdyatāpādanaṅ yōgaḥ? tayōḥ jñānayōgayōḥ vyavasthitiḥ vyavasthānaṅ tanniṣṭhatā. ēṣā pradhānā daivī sāttvikī saṅpat. yatra yēṣām adhikṛtānāṅ yā prakṛtiḥ saṅbhavati? sāttvikī sā ucyatē. dānaṅ yathāśakti saṅvibhāgaḥ annādīnām. damaśca bāhyakaraṇānām upaśamaḥ; antaḥkaraṇasya upaśamaṅ śāntiṅ vakṣyati. yajñaśca śrautaḥ agnihōtrādiḥ. smārtaśca dēvayajñādiḥ? svādhyāyaḥ ṛgvēdādyadhyayanam adṛṣṭārtham.  apaḥ vakṣyamāṇaṅ śārīrādi. ārjavam ṛjutvaṅ sarvadā৷৷kiṅ ca --,

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Ramanuja

৷৷16.1৷৷śrībhagavānuvāca -- iṣṭāniṣṭaviyōgasaṅyōgarūpasya duḥkhasya hētudarśanajaṅ duḥkhaṅ bhayam? tannivṛttiḥ abhayam.

sattvasaṅśuddhiḥ sattvasya antaḥkaraṇasya rajastamōbhyām asaṅspṛṣṭatvam.

jñānayōgavyavasthitiḥ prakṛtiviyuktātmasvarūpavivēkaniṣṭhā.

dānaṅ nyāyārjitadhanasya pātrē pratipādanam.

damaḥ manasō viṣayaunmukhanivṛttisaṅśīlanam.

yajñaḥ phalābhisandhirahitabhagavadārādhanarūpamahāyajñādyanuṣṭhānam.

svādhyāyaḥ savibhūtēḥ bhagavataḥ tadārādhanaprakārasya ca pratipādakaḥ kṛtsnō vēdaḥ? iti anusaṅdhāya vēdābhyāsaniṣṭhā.

 apaḥ kṛcchracāndrāyaṇadvādaśyupavāsādēḥ bhagavatprīṇanakarmayōgyatāpādanasya karaṇam.

ārjavam manōvākkāyakarmavṛttīnām ēkaniṣṭhā parēṣu.

English Translation of Ramanuja's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Adidevananda

16.1 The Lord said 'Fear' is the pain arising from the awareness of the cause which brings about pain in the form of either dissociation from the objects of attainment or association with the objects of aversion. The absence of this is 'fearlessness'. 'Purity of mind' is the condition of Sattva, viz., the state of the internal organ being untouched by Rajas and Tamas. 'Devotion to meditation on the knowledge (of the self)' is firm adherence to the discrimination between the pure nature of the self and Prakrti. 'Alms-giving' is the giving away of one's wealth earned through right means to the deserving. 'Self-control' is the practice of withdrawal of the mind from sense-objects. 'Worship' is the performance of the fivefold duties (sacrifices) etc., of life in the spirit of worship of the Lord without attachment to the fruits. The 'study of the Vedas' is devotion to the Vedic study with the conviction that all the teachings of the Vedas deal with the Lord, with His glorious nature and with the mode of worshipping Him. 'Austerity' is the practice of penances like Krchra, Candrayana, vow on the twelfth day of the lunar fortnight, etc., which foster capability for performing acts pleasing to the Lord. 'Uprightness' consists of the oneness of thought, word and deed in one's dealings with others.

English Translation Of Sri Shankaracharya's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Gambirananda

16.1 Abhayam, fearlessness; sattva-samsuddhih, purtiy of the mind (sattva), mentally avoiding fraud, trickery, falsehood, etc. in dealings, i.e., honest behaviour; jnana-yoga-vyavasthitih, persistence in knowledge and yoga-jnana means knowledge of such subjects as the Self, learnt from scriptures and teachers; yoga means making those things that have been learnt matters of one's own personal experience through concentration by means of withdrawl of the organs etc.; persistence, steadfastness, in those two, knowledge and yoga;-this [This-refers to all the three from 'fearlessness' to 'persistence in knowledge and yoga'.] is the principal divine characteristic which is sattvika (born of the sattva ality). That nature which may occur in persons competent in their respective spheres, [Persons treading the path of Jnana-yoga or Karma-yoga have sattvika alities. Some of the alities mentioned in the first three verses occur only in the former, whereas the others are found in both or only in the latter.-Tr.]-that is said to be their sattvika attribute. Danam, charity, distribution of food etc. according to one's ability; and damah, control of the external organs-the control of the internal organ, santih, will be referred to later; yajnah, sacrifices-Agnihotra etc. sanctioned by the Vedas, and sacrifices in honour of gods and others [Others: Those in honour of the manes, humans and other beings. Brahma-yajna, the fifth sacrifice, is referred to separately by svadhyaya.] sanctioned by the Smrtis: svadhyayah, study of the Rg-veda etc. for unseen results; tapah, austerity, those concerning the body, etc., which will be stated (17.14-16); arjavam, rectitude, straigthforwardness at all times-. Further,