श्रीमद् भगवद्गीता

मूल श्लोकः

niścayaṅ śrṛṇu mē tatra tyāgē bharatasattama.

tyāgō hi puruṣavyāghra trividhaḥ saṅprakīrtitaḥ৷৷18.4৷৷

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Shankaracharya

৷৷18.4৷৷ --,niścayaṅ śrṛṇu avadhāraya mama vacanāt;  atra tyāgē tyāgasaṅnyāsavikalpē yathādarśitē bharatasattama bharatānāṅ sādhutama.  yāgō hi? tyāgasaṅnyāsaśabdavācyō hi yaḥ arthaḥ saḥ ēka ēvēti abhiprētya āha -- tyāgō hi iti. puruṣavyāghra? trividhaḥ triprakāraḥ tāmasādiprakāraiḥ saṅprakīrtitaḥ śāstrēṣu samyak kathitaḥ yasmāt tāmasādibhēdēna tyāgasaṅnyāsaśabdavācyaḥ arthaḥ adhikṛtasya karmiṇaḥ anātmajñasya trividhaḥ saṅbhavati? na paramārthadarśinaḥ? ityayamarthaḥ durjñānaḥ? tasmāt atra tattvaṅ na anyaḥ vaktuṅ samarthaḥ. tasmāt niścayaṅ paramārthaśāstrārthaviṣayam adhyavasāyam aiśvaraṅ mē mattaḥ śrṛṇu৷৷kaḥ punaḥ asau niścayaḥ iti? āha --,

Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Ramanuja

৷৷18.4৷৷ atra ēvaṅ vādivipratipannē  yāgē tyāgaviṣayaṅ niścayaṅ mē mattaḥ śrṛṇu.  yāgaḥ kriyamāṇēṣu ēva vaidikēṣu karmasu phalaviṣayatayā? karmaviṣayatayā? kartṛtvaviṣayatayā ca pūrvam ēva hi mayā  rividhaḥsaṅprakīrtitaḥ -- 'mayi sarvāṇi karmāṇi saṅnyasyādhyātmacētasā. nirāśīrnirmamō bhūtvā yudhyasva vigatajvaraḥ৷৷' (gītā 3.30) iti.karmajanyaṅ svargādikaṅ phalaṅ mama na syād iti phalatyāgaḥ. madīyaphalasādhanatayā madīyam idaṅ karma iti karmaṇi mamatāyāḥ parityāgaḥ karmaviṣayaḥ tyāgaḥ; sarvēśvarē kartṛtvānusandhānēna ātmanaḥ kartṛtātyāgaḥ kartṛtvaviṣayaḥ tyāgaḥ.

English Translation of Ramanuja's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Adidevananda

18.4 Regarding contradictory versions on Tyaga among disputants, listen from Me My decision. Tyaga has been described by Me in respect of actions prescribed by the scriptures from three points of view: (1) as referring to fruits, (2) as referring to acts themselves and, (3) as referring to agency. It is contained in the statement, 'Surrendering all your actions to Me with a mind focussed on the self,' and 'Free from desire and selfishness and cured of fever - fight' (3.30). The renunciation of fruits consists in the following manner. 'Heaven and such other results arising from acts do not belong to Me.' Renunciation of acts is complete abandonment of the sense of possession in regard to one's acts. This sense of possession is of the following nature: 'Those acts are mine on account of their being the means for fruits which are to be mine.' Renunciation referring to agency is the renunciation of agency of oneself by ascribing the agency to the Lord of all.

English Translation Of Sri Shankaracharya's Sanskrit Commentary By Swami Gambirananda

18.4 Bharata-sattama, O the most excellent among the descendants of Bharata; srnu, hear, understand; me, from Me, from My statement; niscayam, the firm conclusion; tatra tyage, regarding that tyaga, regarding these alternative veiws on tyaga and sannyasa as they have been shown. Hi, for; purusavyaghra, O greatest among men; tyagah, tyaga; samprakirtitah, has been clearly declared, has been distinctly spoken of in the scriptures; to be trividhah, of three kinds, threefold, under the classes of tamasa (those based on tamas [Tamas: darkness, mental darkness, ignorance; one of the three alities of everything in Nature. Also see 14.8, and note under 2.45.-Tr.], etc. The Lord has used the word tyaga with the idea that the (primary) meanings of tyaga and sannyasa are verily the same. Since it is difficult to comprehend this idea, that the primary meanings of the words tyaga and sannyasa can be threefold under the classification based on tamas etc. in the case of one who is unenlightened and who is alified for rites and duties-but not in the case of one who has realized the supreme Goal-,therefore no one else is capable of speaking the truth in this connection. Hence, listen to the firm conclusion of the Lord with regard to the supreme Truth as revealved by the scriptures. Which, again, is this firm conclusion? In reply the Lord says: